It has been known that lots of plants are rubber yielding besides Hevea brasiliensis. However, only Hevea brasiliensis has been actively cultivated to produce rubber. Recently, studies on rubber yielding plants have been resumed by some reasons; biodiversity, biosecurity and the increasing demand for natural rubber, to name a few. This recent trend is reviewed and discussed from the sustainablity viewpoint in this report. In the first part, biodiversity is developed in relation with sustainable development thesis, and general features of rubber yielding plants are described with their historical backgrounds.