A variety of carbon materials provide a series of unique properties, reflecting their nano, micro and macro structures.
Controlled production of their nano structure, size and shape is a key technology to prepare the optimum material of unique properties. Thus, a variety of carbons and their composites of various bulk structures, shapes, sizes, and surface areas have been produced to apply for the battery application. In this paper, carbons and their composites as effective anode materials for Li-ion battery are reviewed based on the nano-structural analyses. Systematic examinations of carbon materials with unique nano structure can provide promising chances of improving the optimum performance toward particular application, enhancing their excellent performances.